AbstractAbstractThe giant convective storm that erupted at the end of 2010 generated a large vortex. In this study, we systematically examine this vortex using long‐term multi‐wavelength observations from the Cassini spacecraft and the Hubble Space Telescope. Our analysis reveals that the vortex has persisted for more than 14 years. It has evolved into a compact and center‐symmetric structure with a vertical extent of at least 250 km. A vorticity‐gradient analysis indicates that the beta‐drift effect contributes to its meridional motion, while its zonal velocity is primarily controlled by the background large‐scale winds. Stability analysis further suggests that the vortex has migrated to a relatively stable latitudinal band. Together, these findings suggest that the vortex has entered a stable state and may persist for an extended period, with the potential to become a long‐lived feature in Saturn's atmosphere. These observations provide the first complete timeline for the origin of a large and long‐lived anticyclonic vortex produced by a major convective storm in the atmospheres of giant planets. This observational study not only improves our understanding of Saturn's vortex systems but also offers critical constraints for developing theoretical and numerical models of vortex dynamics in planetary atmospheres.
